Antecedent interventions - The antecedent intervention involved eliminating any negative rule statements while ignoring the student's problem behavior. Eliminating the verbal rule statements resulted in an immediate reduction in the frequency and intensity of the student's problem behaviors.

 
Nov 16, 2020 · 3.2 Antecedent Interventions and Delegation of Deferable Loads. A goal is represented by a collection of tasks. The number and types of tasks in a particular goal may vary per model, depending on the objectives. In this instance, we have defined three goals. The first two are antecedent intervention goals, modelled to precede a third and the .... Patrick joyner

Psychological interventions based on art, music, drama, dance/movement or poetry are referred to as creative arts-based interventions because of their roots in the arts (Malchiodi, Citation 2015).There are specific forms …There also are at least three published studies in which the CI was used as an antecedent-based intervention to increase the social behavior of children with autism during interactions with peers (Baker et al. 1998; Boyd et al. 2007) or siblings . For example, Boyd et al. compared the frequency of social initiations and duration of social ...Antecedent Interventions: Complete Guide. Collecting ABC data helps us understand behavior in context. Reinforcement and other consequence interventions are a cornerstone of ABA (see Understanding Consequence Interventions: Punishment vs Reinforcement). Here we dive a little deeper into using the first part of the 3 term contingency ...Aug 4, 2022 · Antecedent interventions. Antecedents are triggers that can influence and cause desired behaviors. Antecedents take the form of something within a worker’s environment that, for whatever reason, will make them more likely to engage in the desired behavior. Antecedent interventions can be used to address many different behaviors. Use of an antecedent intervention to decrease vocal stereo-typy of a student with autism in the general education classroom. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 32 (4), 311-321. doi: 10.1080/07317107.2010.515527 Kennedy, C. H. (1994). Manipulating antecedent conditions to alter the stimulus control of problem behav-ior. Journal of Applied Behavior ... In addition, descriptions of antecedent interventions such as, high-probability response sequence, antecedent exercise, providing choices, visual schedules, foreshadowing, and countdowns are explained. Examples of how each one of these interventions can be applied will be provided. 2 Implementation and ApplicationTincani, Bondy, Crozier, Teaching Verbal Behavior. Reid, O'Kane, Macurik, Staff Training and Management. Part VI: Interventions for Decreasing Problem Behavior. Smith, Developing Antecedent Interventions for Problem Behavior. Vollmer, Athens, Developing Function-based Extinction Procedures for Problem Behavior.BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN. Client Name: Date: Date of Birth: BCBA: Goal Target Behavior Definition. masteraba.comMay 2, 2023 · These interventions focus on changing the antecedents or triggers of behavior, rather than focusing on consequences such as reinforcement or punishment. Here are 20 examples of antecedent interventions: Visual schedules or cues: Providing visual cues or reminders, such as a picture schedule, to help an individual understand what is expected of ... February 10, 2021. An antecedent is an event that exists before or logically precedes another event. Using antecedent interventions at home are a proactive behavior …See list of participating sites @NCIPrevention @NCISymptomMgmt @NCICastle The National Cancer Institute NCI Division of Cancer Prevention DCP Home Contact DCP Policies Disclaimer Policy Accessibility FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure Cancer...A behavioral intervention plan (BIP) is a written plan to help a child having repeated behavior problems in the classroom setting. The aim is to teach and reward good behavior and prevent or stop negative behaviors. The plan should be based on a functional assessment. The focus should be on positive behaviors to replace the targeted negative ...Antecedent interventions utilizing variables such as goal setting, task clarification, and job aids are common. Each of these variables are examined in terms of …The antecedent structure requires that the interventionist correctly identify the antecedent and then react accordingly, potentially utilizing different strategies across different antecedents. The antecedent structure may include some redundancy when the same interventions are used across different antecedents.Proactive antecedent actions to encourage desired behaviors are often quick-acting, can prevent misbehavior and attendant interruption of instruction, and usually require less teacher effort than providing corrective consequences after problem behaviors have occurred.In the medical field, the term “PTA” stands for plasma thromboplastin antecedent, according to Dictionary.com. PTA is commonly referred to as factor XI. This is a specialized protein that helps blood to clot, reports WebMD.Despite organizational behavior management placing a great deal of emphasis on interventions that alter consequences for performance, antecedent interventions play an important role in the practice of our field. Antecedent interventions utilizing variables such as goal setting, task clarification, and job aids are common.Jul 28, 2021 · The key to the right intervention is changing the factors that you have control of. Eliminate all the factors that the student is doing, because you can’t control other people’s behavior. This is a critical element to finding appropriate antecedent strategies and often where teachers fall short in effectively preventing problem behavior. After confirming an escape function via a functional analysis (Iwata, et al., 1994), research has shown that function-based interventions, those that match the function, are most effective at reducing problem behavior (Ingram, et al. 2005). The following are evidence-based antecedent and consequence strategies that can be used to increase ...Because many interventions are now said to be based on the principles of behavior analysis, it is essential to understand that in this science, “principles” does ... antecedent (cue, instruction, prompt), an opportunity to respond, and depending on the response, a …Antecedent strategies to promote children’s and adolescents’ compliance with adult requests: A review of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology …Antecedent strategies to promote children’s and adolescents’ compliance with adult requests: A review of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology …This review is focused on two forms of behavioral interventions for these behavioral problems: Parent management training (PMT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). ... Common cognitive-behavioral techniques include identifying the antecedents and consequences of aggressive behavior, learning strategies for recognizing and regulating …Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) is an evidence-based practice used to address both interfering and on-task behaviors. This practice is most often used after a functional behavior assessment (FBA) has been conducted to identify the function of the interfering behavior.Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine ARTICLE: Sex Differences in Health Status and Clinical Outcomes After Nonprimary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention AUTHORS: Pranoti G Hiremat...This time, we will focus on access to tangibles as a function of challenging behaviors. Access to tangibles is a form of positive socially mediated reinforcement. Tangibles are anything that we can touch/feel (e.g., toys, food, hugs, tickles, heat, playground, etc.). Oftentimes, challenging behaviors result in the individual getting …Interventions Edit · Attention from the teacher/peers · An instruction from peers/teachers that the child does not want to do · Communication from staff and ...Antecedent-based interventions are used to decrease interfering behaviors and increase on-task behaviors. Antecedent-based interventions decrease interfering behavior and increase engagement by changing the events or conditions that occur before the identified interfering behavior. Studies included in the 2014 EBP report detailed how antecedent ... As an antecedent strategy, priming is used to set the stage for a desired response, or to reduce the likelihood of a challenging response. Although priming can be used for challenging behaviours, it can also be used for practicing skills in situ. As such, priming can be used for triggering events (losing a board game), transitions (moving from ...Antecedent interventions focus on two classes of antecedent events (Miltenbenger, 1998). The first class of events, referred to as discriminative stimuli (S"), are variables or events that serve as signals for a particular behavior to occur. Behavior following an that is reinforced is likely toStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Highly structured environments have only been shown to be effective in enhancing the behavior of individuals with autism., Which quality of antecedent interventions helps create self-determined adults?, An ideal behavior that ___ should be the long-term goal of the support plan. and …What are Antecedent Interventions? Based on a hypothesized function of a behavior, you can develop antecedent interventions. The goal of these interventions is to alter the environment so the targeted problematic behaviors are less likely to occur.Antecedent-based interventions are a collection of proactive strategies that change the environment or the settings that have shown to trigger certain behaviours. Antecedent interventions are preventative and try to stop disruptive behaviours before they occur! Listed below are 5 common antecedent intervention strategies:Intervention Procedure: The intervention procedures for Tobin will consist of changing the antecedent conditions by providing Tobin with positive reinforcement for on-task behavior and attention extinction for off-task behavior. Preventative: Tobin will be moved further from the group of students with whom he usually socializes during class.Setting Event Interventions; Antecedent Interventions(eliminate triggers) Teach New Skills; Consequence Interventions; For instance, the student and his or her team may identify additional interventions during the PBS brainstorming process that are related to increasing quality of life. Cody's education team chose to implement two different antecedent interventions prior to requesting that Cody transition. One of the interventions, prespecified reinforcer , involves informing the child what she/he will receive upon completion of a specific task (in this case, the transition). For Cody, the reinforcing items (e.g., computer ...Literature has reported a decrease in students’ engagement throughout schooling, but more worrying, is that elementary students already show signs of …Antecedent-based interventions (ABIs) are strategies that involve modifying the environment to reduce undesirable behaviors among learners with autism …Antecedent interventions are a class of behavioral interventions that seek to alter the stimuli in an individual's environment that may signal whether a particular response will be reinforced or alter the reinforcing value of a stimulus. These alterations often take place prior to the behavior occurring, hence their name.Thus, once the antecedent stimulus becomes more salient, the disparity of consequences for responses to both antecedent stimuli should assist in discrimination training. Stimulus-Fading Procedures Another extension of outcomes from research on stimulus salience involves the use of intensity in facilitating the transfer of stimulus …Sep 2, 2020 · This time, we will focus on access to tangibles as a function of challenging behaviors. Access to tangibles is a form of positive socially mediated reinforcement. Tangibles are anything that we can touch/feel (e.g., toys, food, hugs, tickles, heat, playground, etc.). Oftentimes, challenging behaviors result in the individual getting …What are Antecedent Interventions? Based on a hypothesized function of a behavior, you can develop antecedent interventions. The goal of these interventions is to alter the environment so the targeted problematic behaviors are less likely to occur. Many antecedent interventions don't completely prevent the problem behaviors from happening.Carr J E, LeBlanc L A. Noncontingent reinforcement as antecedent behavior support. In: Luiselli J K, editor. Antecedent assessment & intervention: Supporting children & adults with developmental disabilities in community settings. Baltimore, MD: Brookes; 2006. pp. 147–164. [Google Scholar]Psychological interventions based on art, music, drama, dance/movement or poetry are referred to as creative arts-based interventions because of their roots in the arts (Malchiodi, Citation 2015).There are specific forms …Antecedent-based Interventions: To understand Antecedent Based Interventions (ADI), it is helpful to understand how ABA Theory looks at learning. ABA Theory looks at learning as a three-stage process (Antecedent Behavior Consequence). According to this ABC process, an antecedent (A) occurs that triggers a behavior (B).Although antecedent strategies are evidence-based interventions used by Behavior Analysts, there are some simple strategies that can be implemented universally, which benefit not only students with autism in the classroom, but also neuro-typical students. First, we need to identify the antecedent to the behavior.The antecedent structure requires that the interventionist correctly identify the antecedent and then react accordingly, potentially utilizing different strategies across different antecedents. The antecedent structure may include some redundancy when the same interventions are used across different antecedents. For example, some interventions provide a clear antecedent in order to gain a specific child response, while other interventions prioritize environmental arrangement to facilitate initiation and responding behaviors from the child. Some interventions clearly specify contingent reinforcement as a component while others use the strategy without ...Mar 9, 2023 · The current case study addressed this issue by implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of an antecedent-based intervention on the stereotypic behavior of a student With ASD Who Was fully included in a kindergarten classroom. FolloWing a functional analysis indicating that the stereotypic behavior Was maintained by automatic …Cody's education team chose to implement two different antecedent interventions prior to requesting that Cody transition. One of the interventions, prespecified reinforcer , involves informing the child what she/he will receive upon completion of a specific task (in this case, the transition). For Cody, the reinforcing items (e.g., computer ...Use of an antecedent intervention to decrease vocal stereo-typy of a student with autism in the general education classroom. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 32 (4), 311-321. doi: 10.1080/07317107.2010.515527 Kennedy, C. H. (1994). Manipulating antecedent conditions to alter the stimulus control of problem behav-ior. Journal of Applied Behavior ...Antecedent interventions can be powerful tools that help to stop unwanted behavior before it begins. Furthermore, teachers may be willing to implement antecedent interventions …Antecedent Interventions: Complete Guide By Amelia Dalphonse Collecting ABC data helps us understand behavior in context. Reinforcement and other consequence interventions are a cornerstone of ABA (see Understanding Consequence Interventions: Punishment vs Reinforcement ).In ABA therapy we must be vigilant in managing our surroundings to ensure we are in control of the access to reinforcement. Access to Tangibles is the function any time a behavior is reinforced by an individual engaging in behavior to gain access to something physical. Tangibles can be toys, food, or even something that doesn’t seem very fun.Antecedent interventions are a class of behavioral interventions that seek to alter the stimuli in an individual's environment that may signal whether a particular response will be reinforced or alter the reinforcing value of a stimulus. These alterations often take place prior to the behavior occurring, hence their name.Use of an antecedent intervention to decrease vocal stereo-typy of a student with autism in the general education classroom. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 32 (4), 311-321. doi: 10.1080/07317107.2010.515527 Kennedy, C. H. (1994). Manipulating antecedent conditions to alter the stimulus control of problem behav-ior. Journal of Applied Behavior ...The data points under Intervention 1 show that shortly after intervention began (session 6), two-word utterances increased and continued to do so throughout that first intervention phase. Starting in session 13 the intervention was removed, and over the next 6 sessions (Baseline 2) the number of two-word utterances decreased to the original low ...Assessment-based antecedent interventions used in natural settings to reduce challenging behavior: A review of the literature. Education & Treatment of Children, 25 , 113-130.Antecedent-based procedures such as rationales may have an effect on compliance, but only when implemented after a history of exposure to a consequence-based intervention. It is also possible that a combination of antecedent-based interventions would be effective to increase compliance.Antecedents are the contexts or events that occur immediately BEFORE the challenging behavior. They include specific times of day, settings, people, and activites. Consequences are the events or cont exts that occur immediately AFTER the challenging behavior. For example, if your child tantrums each night when it's time to transition to bed,intentions when the opportunity arises. Intention is thus assumed to be the immediate antecedent of behavior. To the extent that perceived behavioral control is veridical, it can serve as a proxy for actual control and contribute to the prediction of the behavior in question. The following figure is a schematic representation of the theory.Psychological interventions based on art, music, drama, dance/movement or poetry are referred to as creative arts-based interventions because of their roots in the arts (Malchiodi, Citation 2015).There are specific forms …The data points under Intervention 1 show that shortly after intervention began (session 6), two-word utterances increased and continued to do so throughout that first intervention phase. Starting in session 13 the intervention was removed, and over the next 6 sessions (Baseline 2) the number of two-word utterances decreased to the original low ...Nov 16, 2020 · 3.2 Antecedent Interventions and Delegation of Deferable Loads. A goal is represented by a collection of tasks. The number and types of tasks in a particular goal may vary per model, depending on the objectives. In this instance, we have defined three goals. The first two are antecedent intervention goals, modelled to precede a third and the ...Sep 10, 2014 · Antecedent-Based Interventions and Behavior Change Lauralee Keach, MA, BCBA HowardCenter. Goals for Today Introduce the principle of antecedent interventions and the role they play in behavior change procedures Review Sds and MOs/AOs Review various types of antecedent strategies Practice identifying and implementing effective antecedent ... Interventions Edit · Attention from the teacher/peers · An instruction from peers/teachers that the child does not want to do · Communication from staff and ...Jan 29, 2020 · Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence—also known as "ABC"—is a behavior-modification strategy often employed for students with learning disabilities, particularly those with autism. It can also be useful for nondisabled children as well. ABC uses scientifically-tested techniques to help guide students toward the desired outcome, whether that ... Antecedent-Based Intervention (ABI) Antecedent-based intervention (ABI) is an evidence-based practice used to address both interfering and on-task behaviors. This practice is most often used after a functional behavior assessment (FBA) has been conducted to identify the function of the interfering behavior.Mar 9, 2023 · Antecedent intervention for challenging behavior maintained by escape from instructional activities. In J. K. Luiselli (Ed.), Antecedent assessment and intervention: Supporting children and adults with developmental disabilities in community settings (pp. 101—124). Baltimore: Brookes .Advantages of Antecedent Interventions As described above, a wide range of antecedent social skills teaching strategies may be considered to support learners with ASD. Although procedural variations exist across the aforementioned strategies, all procedures have the potential to impact a behavior prior to its occurrence.Because many interventions are now said to be based on the principles of behavior analysis, it is essential to understand that in this science, “principles” does ... antecedent (cue, instruction, prompt), an opportunity to respond, and depending on the response, a …Kern, Choutka, and Sokol provide a review of empirical research that describes assessment-based antecedent interventions that have been implemented in natural settings. The authors suggest that intervention efforts for problem behavior tend to focus primarily on consequence procedures. However, they also note the utility of …a wide variety of interventions which involve the use of both antecedent and contingency management strategies which can be used by classroom teachers to create positive and functional learning environments which minimise disruptive behaviours and reward engagement and achievement. Several of these effective strategies are outlined below.Aug 27, 2014 · Antecedent interventions are proactive and preventative! They can reduce or eliminate the need for punitive consequential procedures. Antecedent Interventions - Download as a PDF or view online for free. After confirming an escape function via a functional analysis (Iwata, et al., 1994), research has shown that function-based interventions, those that match the function, are most effective at reducing problem behavior …A. antecedent interventions B. skill building goals C. both a and b. C. both a and b. ABA-based treatments for problem behavior include antecedent interventions ...One antecedent intervention that is simple, but can be overlooked by teams, is timed breaks or timed attention (e.g., non-contingent reinforcement). During this intervention, a teacher provides attention or a neutral break on a schedule. This intervention can be helpful to use with students who engage in unwanted behavior to access teacher ...In continuing the series 5 Steps to Meaningful Behavioral Support, we are on Step 4 of creating the behavior plan and choosing interventions.Remembering that our interventions must match our hypotheses, one of the first sets of strategies we use are often referred to as antecedent interventions because they address the antecedents to …Antecedent interventions that reduce the likelihood of problem behavior may allow for continued emphasis on skill acquisition goals. E-DTT during otherwise free-operant periods may eliminate some less desirable aspects of traditional tabletop instruction (e.g., sitting at a table, responding to instructions, tolerating the removal of preferred ...Antecedent-Based Interventions For more information, please visit: https://afirm.fpg.unc.edu/ ABI Sam et al., Updated 2022 Page 2 of 51 Overview of Content . 1. Table of ABI Contents: This list details the specific ABI resources that apply to antecedent- based interventions.Antecedent strategies are ABA based interventions that work on modifying the environment so that the behavior or activity that occurs that is less desirable will occur less. “Parent training interventions for children with a diagnosis of or suspected ASD may be classified based on their theoretical paradigms or their targeted goals ...In ABA therapy we must be vigilant in managing our surroundings to ensure we are in control of the access to reinforcement. Access to Tangibles is the function any time a behavior is reinforced by an individual engaging in behavior to gain access to something physical. Tangibles can be toys, food, or even something that doesn’t seem very fun.Antecedent interventions, replacement behavior, and consequence interventions. What are the three types of behavior intervention strategies? Antecedent interventions. Strategies that focus on structuring and modifying the environment and conditions that occur before a behavior, so that the behavior is less likely to occur.Kern, Choutka, and Sokol provide a review of empirical research that describes assessment-based antecedent interventions that have been implemented in natural settings. The authors suggest that intervention efforts for problem behavior tend to focus primarily on consequence procedures. However, they also note the utility of …Potential Antecedent Intervention. Set visual timer so student knows how much time they have with toys. Common Antecedent Interventions. Considerations for choosing one or more antecedent interventions include the function of the behavior, the ability for the intervention to be implemented with fidelity and student history.What are antecedent-based interventions (ABI)? Simply put, ABIs decrease "undesirable behaviors" and increase engagement by modifying the environment before the ...Jan 29, 2020 · Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence—also known as "ABC"—is a behavior-modification strategy often employed for students with learning disabilities, particularly those with autism. It can also be useful for nondisabled children as well. ABC uses scientifically-tested techniques to help guide students toward the desired outcome, whether that ... In Applied Behavior Analysis, interventions fall into a variety of categories. Antecedent interventions can be used to prevent the “trigger” that often leads to a behavior or response (see Antecedent Interventions: Complete Guide).Skill development interventions help teach skills and replacement behaviors.Jan 29, 2020 · Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence—also known as "ABC"—is a behavior-modification strategy often employed for students with learning disabilities, particularly those with autism. It can also be useful for nondisabled children as well. ABC uses scientifically-tested techniques to help guide students toward the desired outcome, whether that ...

Potential Antecedent Intervention. Set visual timer so student knows how much time they have with toys. Common Antecedent Interventions. Considerations for choosing one or more antecedent interventions include the function of the behavior, the ability for the intervention to be implemented with fidelity and student history.. Kansas vs missouri basketball

antecedent interventions

Antecedent interventions should be implemented continuously and only after the function of a challenging behavior has been identified (using ABC data or a functional behavior analysis). Identifying the function of a behavior before implementing an antecedent intervention can assure that you are targeting the root of the behavior and still ...Aug 9, 2018 · A systematic review was conducted to assess the types of school-based interventions commonly used for adolescents (10 to 21 years) to reduce challenging behavior. A total of 40 articles were identified through the database search and ancillary searches. Participant, implementer, and intervention characteristics were recorded during descriptive coding. This review found that antecedent-based ... Antecedent-Based Interventions: Steps for Implementation Page 7 of 8 National Professional Development Center on ASD 10/2010 Extinction often is used in conjunction with ABI strategies. With this evidence-based practice, teachers/practitioners no longer provide reinforcement for the interfering behavior by ignoring it,Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) is an evidence-based practice used to address both interfering and on-task behaviors. This practice is most often used after a functional behavior assessment (FBA) has been conducted to identify the function of the interfering behavior. Answer : In order to understand Antecedent Based Intervention (ABI), it is first important to understand three term contingency. While it sounds complicated, the three term contingency is most easily understood through the ABCs. The ABCs, in this case, stand for antecedent, behavior, and consequence. The antecedent is what happens directly ...Nonaversive interventions are broadly organized around antecedent strategies (those that occur before the problematic behavior is emitted), with the intention of altering the stimulus control and reinforcing value of the existing antecedent “triggers” for the behavior.This is the nature of an antecedent intervention. Is The Premack Principle Supported By Research? According to the National Standards Project (National Autism Center, 2015), behavioral interventions including both antecedent and consequence strategies are among the 14 interventions considered “established” in the research. antecedent-based intervention within a child’s regular schedule and routine. This allows the child to learn specific interventions in their daily routine to help decrease escape-motivated behaviors. Thus, in this study, various antecedent-based interventions and evidence-based practices were analyzed to determineAnswer : In order to understand Antecedent Based Intervention (ABI), it is first important to understand three term contingency. While it sounds complicated, the three term contingency is most easily understood through the ABCs. The ABCs, in this case, stand for antecedent, behavior, and consequence. The antecedent is what happens directly ... In Applied Behavior Analysis, interventions fall into a variety of categories. Antecedent interventions can be used to prevent the “trigger” that often leads to a behavior or response (see Antecedent Interventions: Complete Guide). Skill development interventions help teach skills and replacement behaviors. Module: Antecedent-Based Interventions Antecedent-Based Interventions: Steps for Implementation Page 3 of 8 National Professional Development Center on ASD 10/2010 4. Teachers/practitioners identify an overall goal for the learner that will be accomplished as a result of the intervention.BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN. Client Name: Date: Date of Birth: BCBA: Goal Target Behavior Definition. masteraba.comAntecedent Interventions: Proactive Strategies for Changing Behavior. Mindy J. Cassano, Holly Bruski & Sarah Bendekovits. Chapter. First Online: 29 August …Antecedent interventions should be implemented continuously and only after the function of a challenging behavior has been identified (using ABC data or a functional behavior analysis). Identifying the function of a behavior before implementing an antecedent intervention can assure that you are targeting the root of the behavior and still ... This is the nature of an antecedent intervention. Is The Premack Principle Supported By Research? According to the National Standards Project (National Autism Center, 2015), behavioral interventions including both antecedent and consequence strategies are among the 14 interventions considered “established” in the research. Antecedent Based Interventions Antecedent interventions consist of arranging the learning environment, events, or circumstances to facilitate desired behaviors and to minimize the likelihood of problem behaviors. trying to reduce distractions and undesirable behaviors within the classroom. Module on Antecedent-Based Interventionxix VisualNext, the effects of three antecedent-based interventions—noncontingent access to a preferred item, a warning, and a high-probability instructional sequence—were examined. The high-probability instructional sequence was effective for 1 child. Antecedent interventions were ineffective and extinction was necessary for the other 2 children. .

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